Friday, 13 December 2019

A glimpse of The Dragon!

Though I have always heard the Chinese dragon and Indian elephant as common terms used in diplomacy and trade but to my surprise, during my recent visit to China, I found the Beijing zoo full of elephants (both real and artificial structures) and every souvenir shop selling elephant along with dragon!
Elephant structures at Beijing Zoo

I recently visited China to attend a Seminar on Intellectual property and development, organised by the Ministry of Commerce of China. Some 25 delegates from 12 different countries attended the workshop which briefed about the changes made by China in its domestic legislations with respect to copyrights, trademarks, patents etc. to make them more stringent in the wake of allegations of intellectual property theft by Chinese companies. Interestingly, the progress was not just in terms of legislation but also technological advancements in the field of Intellectual property. China has opened special IP courts in three big cities of Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou. These courts are equipped to handle the appeals in IP cases online. The appellant need not be physically present in the court and the final judgement is sent via a soft copy through email!

The Intellectual property court of Supreme People's Court of China

The technological advancement in China stretches beyond the field of Intellectual property. Their E-commerce companies like Huawei and Alibaba (the two we visited) were using cutting-edge technological know-how. Their campuses in Beijing were highly smart and tech efficient. The number of verticals in which they are expanding is increasing at a rapid pace. Many Indian companies like Infosys, Tech Mahindra are partnering with Huawei. 



The sheer magnanimity of the campuses!

Another peculiar thing about the Chinese infrastructure was it's grandiosity. No wonder that Tiananmen square is the largest public square in the world. It has the capacity of catering to 1 million people at a given time. Doubting this figure, we asked our Chinese guide, how can this be true! He hilariously remarked that the Chinese are slim!! Which brings me to their cuisine and eating habits. Most of their regular diet is composed of beef (A HUGE part), fish- boiled in a soup ou served with sauce, boiled vegetables and sticky rice. They have soya milk and wheat based baked bread (very different from Indian or continental bread) in the breakfast. Breakfast is usually served at 7:30 in the morning, lunch at 12 and dinner starts from 6 and ends at 7:30 in the evening. On my first day in Beijing, I reached Beijing after 18 hours of travel from Geneva at nearly 5:30 in the evening. We were told to be ready for the dinner after half an hour. Having completed my dinner by 6:30pm and due to jet lag, I couldn't stop the hunger from overpowering my sleep at 3am in the night! 

Coming back to the grandiosity, the streets are so wide with almost 6-8 lanes and separate cycling and pedestrian tracks. It's quite ironic that despite such infrastructure, the traffic in Beijing takes a toll on you, specially during the rush hours in evening! And the subway is exactly like the Delhi metro. But what is different, is the state of public transport- highly equipped double-decker buses with dustbins, very punctual and efficient transport system and not to forget- the bullet trains connecting entire East China with a speed of 350 km/hour. The organisers took us to the Great Wall of China and the forbidden City on the weekend. The courts and palaces of the forbidden City were seeming like limitless, never-ending pathways! We climbed up to the highest Fortress no. 12 at the Great Wall. It was a great adventure.

Typical wooden architecture with colourful carvings



The Tiananmen square and the Forbidden City.





The happiness and sense of achievement after reaching the highest point!

The Great Wall- one of the seven wonders of the world!

Along with Beijing, we visited the Hebei province of China which was some 4-5 hours of travel by road. There we found that not all the provinces of China are that tech advanced as Beijing. Hebei was a province famous for the intangible cultural heritage of paper-cutting. We visited a paper-cutting village and learnt this beautiful art. Each of us was given a drawing of an animal based on our birth year. Chinese have this traditional system of linking every year with an animal. Amusing enough that I was given a mouse! And then with the specialised needles, we cut the paper. And the end result was surprisingly so creative! 
Mona-Lisa created by the art of paper-cutting!



                                     Jaw-dropping paper cut art work by Chinese artists!


And the hidden artist in me came out in the form of this mouse!

The paper cut artworks are one of the popular souvenirs from China. Chinese protect their traditional knowledge and folklore, like it is protected in India and other Asian countries with rich cultural heritage.

Some general impressions about the Chinese- 
  • Ultra rich (Using products of high-ended brands like Lancome, Chanel)
  • Spirit of sharing, kind-hearted 
  • Very punctual 
  • Great sense of responsibility
  • Terrific players (Games like badminton, TT etc)
  • No comparison with India in hospitality- India is a unique country with the concept of "Atithi Devoh Bhavah". I think that was missing in China- the way our companies and public institutions greet the foreigners with tea/coffee, snacks and souvenirs!

Beijing is also a very dry, utterly cold place with very strong Siberian winds. People are very cultured. They keep the public spaces clean and are usually disciplined. 
Although it hasn't really snowed in Geneva this year, but it was rare and astonishing to find a thick layer of snow in Beijing in end November. So rare that on a Saturday morning, Chinese queued up in thousands to get entry into the Jingshan park which had turned into Switzerland under the snow!





Summer palace and Jingshan park covered with thick layers of ice and the frozen lakes.

I also learnt that Chinese people are extremely talented in creating the beauty artificially to attract tourists. The Jingshan park is built around a mountain, which is created by depositing mud from an adjacent moat. The streets in Beijing are very lively and full of people at all times. They appear much like European or American streets. Very tidy, neat and clean, pedestrian-friendly, well lit-up. Even in the off-season of tourism, the domestic tourism in Beijing is on a very large scale. Foreign tourists also flock in huge numbers.

Temple of heaven in Beijing



                                                               Very lively Sanlitun Street



Chinese have their own versions of Palika and Sarojini bazaars of Delhi- the Pearl market and the silk market. And bargaining works at an even higher scale than Delhi! Usually the actual price of a product is 70-80% less than the quoted price.

And last but not the least were the cutest wildlife creatures- Giant pandas at the Beijing Zoo! Beijing aquarium is a world-class aquarium with modern Dolphin shows.











All in all, China was a thrilling and enriching experience!

Monday, 1 April 2019

Book review- Delusional Politics by Hardeep Singh Puri

Writing after a long time and  about the book which I received the firsthand copy from the author himself on 26th of January this year.

About Hardeep Puri Sir,  there's always an inspiration to draw from his four-decade long career in diplomacy. He was a pioneer of multilateral diplomacy having served as a diplomat at Indian Mission in Geneva where I'm presently serving and also as Indian representative to UN in New York. Hia previous book which I read last year- Perilous interventions was very aptly descriptive of the misconceived interventionism by West in Iraq, Libya and Syria and also by Saudi Arabia  and Iran in Yemen and Russian intervention in Ukraine, in almost all cases, achieving the geostrategic objectives was the primary goal of invention often made under the garb of humanitarian crisis and for peace. It provides an account into how the UN, as the harbinger of international peace and security, failed to prevent the spread of insecurity among the nations.

In his latest book, Delusional politics, Puri Sir delves into the  politics of delusion practiced by the political leadership without thinking about the far reaching consequences of their act. An ill-conceived thought of holding a referendum on Brexit came in the mind of David Cameron with his political motive to strengthen his standing in the Conservative party. How this decision is now ruining and threatening the British. He also describes the policy making under Trump as being Delusional.

Without delving into the political aspects of the book, here is the summary of the chapters on terrorism and trade-

  1. Politics of terror: Abject poverty, religion and lack of education are not the only forces behind terrorism. It's actually based on constellation of fault lines. Imbalances caused by exclusionary, unaccountable and ideologically based governance; inequitable distribution of resources, deft use of internet and social media in the era of new and emerging geopolitical power rivalries are some of the causes.                                  
  2. Lack of a global definition of terrorism within the multilateral system under UN- Major objections on:
State use of armed forces against civilians and right to resistance of the people under foreign occupation.
"It's inconceivable that any terror outfit can outgrow its modest beginning without external assistance"- by a group of individuals/another state/entities.

Online radicalism- when finally the West has decided to shed its delusions on terrorism due to lone-wolf attacks on its soil.

How's ISIS different from JeM or Jamaat-ud-Dawa. In fact, ISIS has arguably drawn inspiration from a country like Pakistan, which uses non-state actors as a proxy for achieving geopolitical goals.

Locking-up radicalized and unemployed youths in jails only helps to incubate Al-Qaeda in jails. We need to carefully understand radicalisation in order to counter it effectively.
No terror plot would be successful without the governmental use of terror as a tool for achieving its geostrategic goals and similarly, no Countering Violent Extremism strategy will be successful without state responsibility. Naming and shaming is a must!

Politics of Trade policy:

Having joined the trade liberalisation bandwagon and giving up the quotas, why has India failed to take advantage, while the rest of the developing world like China, Bangladesh, Vietnam, Sri Lanka etc. did?
Where have we lost?
  1. India has paid insufficient attention to the value of Trade policy over the years. Eg. In the textiles sector, the enhanced duty drawback scheme, implemented by GoI in 2016 had been suggested way back in 1996. Policy paralysis, lack of will and perhaps lack of full understanding prevented the required steps being taken back then. Had timely steps being taken, India's share of global trade in textiles, clothing would've been much larger.
  2. We need good qualified professionals at the helm of Trade policy decision making, it's too important a matter to be left to generalists.
  3. In addition to trade liberalisation, we need trade-related infrastructure, trade facilitation and a reform of domestic tax and investment regime.
  4. Our private sector must learn and accept the need to compete. Farsightedness and long term planning for investment and technology.
  5. Need to prevent the creeping in of politics into trade and develop a bipartisan consensus on Trade policy due to its direct linkage to national interest and economic prosperity for the country.
  6. India has to become a part of global value chain (GVC), especially so in the present times of dramatic transformation owing to initiatives like BRI, AI, digitalisation of global economy so as to avoid finding ourselves at the fringes of GVCs.

Steps taken by India in the domains of Trade-related infrastructure and ease of doing business-
  • GST
  • DMIC-21st century smart cities for expanding India's manufacturing and services base
  • Make in India - promotion of FDI (Liberalisation of regime), global design & mfg. hub
  • National waterways act, 2016 (first commercial container movement from Kolkata to Varanasi)
  • National bankruptcy act
  • Digital-India pgm- eased G2B interface

Why India is at the fringes of GVCs today?
  • No Indian power figures in the top 20 container ports in the world as per the latest data from World Shipping Council.
  • Whereas there are 10 Chinese ports in the top 20 with Shanghai port at the top in terms of volume shipped.

Sagarmala programme- "P for P" (Ports for Prosperity)
Aims to revitalize the old ports to make them among the finest in the world. ( Port modernization, port connectivity enhancement, coastal community development, port-linked industrialization)

World merchandise trade (USD 16 Trillion) - 2 categories: small basket with 30% value and big basket with 70% value

  • India's exports: 70% in small basket ( shrimps, buffalo meat, small diamond, jewellery, rice etc)
  • Higher end of value chain: electronics, telecom, engineering goods- what India needs to target ( access to latest technology & trade facilitation is the key)

  • Specialised skills and massive effort on R&D
  • Preparation not for tomorrow, but today's fourth IR (AI, Blockchain, robotics, cloud-computing, automation and 3D printing etc)

Today, Indian economy- USD 2.8 Trillion
India's share in global exports- 2% ( merchandise + services)
  • Stagnant since 2013

Our approach to FTAs/PTAs/RTAs and stance in WTO
  • Low utilisation rates in FTAs
  • Not enough opening of services sectors in partner countries

  • Negotiate hard to achieve a deal that defends our national interest!
  • Draw redlines in consultation with stakeholders
  • Take everyone into confidence

Advantages from rcep- 
Part of GVC, access to technology and our products will meet global standards on SPS & TBT.

Our interests are best served by an open, predictable and rules-based MTS ( Multilateral Trading System).
So, our stakes in WTO today are far greater than even Western countries like US)


Carry out far-reaching domestic consultations to reach definitive decisions on what constitutes our fundamental National interest and what can be used as a negotiating leverage to obtain concessions.